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Tri-county comprehensive assessment of risk factors for sporadic reportable bacterial enteric infection in children.
Title | Tri-county comprehensive assessment of risk factors for sporadic reportable bacterial enteric infection in children. |
Publication Type | Journal Article |
Year of Publication | 2009 |
Authors | Denno, DM, Keene, WE, Hutter, CM, Koepsell, JK, Patnode, M, Flodin-Hursh, D, Stewart, LK, Duchin, JS, Rasmussen, L, Jones, R, Tarr, PI |
Journal | J Infect Dis |
Volume | 199 |
Issue | 4 |
Pagination | 467-76 |
Date Published | 2009 Feb 15 |
ISSN | 0022-1899 |
Keywords | Adolescent, Animals, Animals, Domestic, Bathing Beaches, Campylobacter, Campylobacter Infections, Case-Control Studies, Child, Enterobacteriaceae Infections, Escherichia coli O157, Food Handling, Humans, Hygiene, Intestinal Diseases, Logistic Models, Multivariate Analysis, Risk Assessment, Salmonella, Shigella, Swimming Pools, Travel, Washington |
Abstract | BACKGROUND: The aim of this study was to determine risk factors for childhood sporadic reportable enteric infection (REI) caused by bacteria, specifically Campylobacter, Salmonella, Escherichia coli O157, or Shigella (REI-B). METHODS: Matched case-control study. Case patients aged <19 years who were reported to 3 Washington State county health departments and matched control subjects were interviewed from November 2003-November 2005. Matched odds ratios (ORs) were calculated by using conditional logistic regression. Population attributable risk percentages were calculated for exposures associated with infection. RESULTS: Two hundred ninety-six case patients were matched to 580 control subjects. Aquatic recreation was the most important factor associated with all REI-Bs studied (beach water exposure [OR for Salmonella infection, 28.3 {CI, 7.2-112.2}; OR for Shigella infection, 14.5 {CI 1.5-141.0} or any recreational water exposure [OR for Campylobacter infection, 2.7 {CI, 1.5-4.8}; OR for Escherichia coli O157 infection, 7.4 {CI, 2.1-26.1}]). Suboptimal kitchen hygiene after preparation of raw meat or chicken (OR, 7.1 [CI, 2.1-24.1]) and consumption of food from restaurants were additional risks for Campylobacter infection. Infection with Salmonella was associated with the use of private wells as sources of drinking water (OR, 6.5 [CI, 1.4-29.7]), and the use of residential septic systems was a risk for both Salmonella (OR, 3.2 [CI, 1.3-7.8]) and E. coli (OR, 5.7 [CI, 1.2-27.2]) O157 infection. CONCLUSIONS: Overall, non-food exposures were as important as food-related exposures with regard to their contributions to the proportion of cases. Infection prevention efforts should address kitchen hygiene practices and non-food exposures, such as recreational water exposure, in addition to food-consumption risks. |
DOI | 10.1086/596555 |
Alternate Journal | J. Infect. Dis. |
PubMed ID | 19281302 |
PubMed Central ID | PMC3693595 |
Grant List | 5P30 DK052574 / DK / NIDDK NIH HHS / United States |