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RIPK3 Restricts Viral Pathogenesis via Cell Death-Independent Neuroinflammation
Daniels BP1, Snyder AG1, Olsen TM1, Orozco S2, Oguin TH 3rd3, Tait SW4, Martinez J3, Gale M Jr5, Loo YM6, Oberst A7.
Abstract
Receptor-interacting protein kinase-3 (RIPK3) is an activator of necroptotic cell death, but recent work has implicated additional roles for RIPK3 in inflammatory signaling independent of cell death. However, while necroptosis has been shown to contribute to antiviral immunity, death-independent roles for RIPK3 in host defense have not been demonstrated. Using a mouse model of West Nile virus (WNV) encephalitis, we show that RIPK3 restricts WNV pathogenesis independently of cell death. Ripk3-/- mice exhibited enhanced mortality compared to wild-type (WT) controls, while mice lacking the necroptotic effector MLKL, or both MLKL and caspase-8, were unaffected. The enhanced susceptibility of Ripk3-/- mice arose from suppressed neuronal chemokine expression and decreased central nervous system (CNS) recruitment of T lymphocytes and inflammatory myeloid cells, while peripheral immunity remained intact. These data identify pleiotropic functions for RIPK3 in the restriction of viral pathogenesis and implicate RIPK3 as a key coordinator of immune responses within the CNS.
Copyright © 2017 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
- PMID:
- 28366204
- DOI:
- 10.1016/j.cell.2017.03.011