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TNF dually mediates resistance and susceptibility to mycobacteria via mitochondrial reactive oxygen species.
Title | TNF dually mediates resistance and susceptibility to mycobacteria via mitochondrial reactive oxygen species. |
Publication Type | Journal Article |
Year of Publication | 2013 |
Authors | Roca, FJ, Ramakrishnan, L |
Journal | Cell |
Volume | 153 |
Issue | 3 |
Pagination | 521-34 |
Date Published | 2013 Apr 25 |
ISSN | 1097-4172 |
Keywords | Animals, Cyclophilins, Disease Models, Animal, Disease Susceptibility, Humans, Macrophages, Metabolic Networks and Pathways, Mitochondria, Mycobacterium, Necrosis, Reactive Oxygen Species, Receptor-Interacting Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases, Tuberculosis, Tumor Necrosis Factors, Zebrafish |
Abstract | Tumor necrosis factor (TNF) constitutes a critical host defense against tuberculosis, but its excess is also implicated in tuberculosis pathogenesis in zebrafish and humans. Using the zebrafish, we elucidate the pathways by which TNF mediates tuberculosis pathogenesis. TNF excess induces mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (ROS) in infected macrophages through RIP1-RIP3-dependent pathways. While initially increasing macrophage microbicidal activity, ROS rapidly induce programmed necrosis (necroptosis) and release mycobacteria into the growth-permissive extracellular milieu. TNF-induced necroptosis occurs through two pathways: modulation of mitochondrial cyclophilin D, implicated in mitochondrial permeability transition pore formation, and acid sphingomyelinase-mediated ceramide production. Combined genetic blockade of cyclophilin D and acid sphingomyelinase renders the high TNF state hyperresistant by preventing macrophage necrosis while preserving increased microbicidal activity. Similarly, the cyclophilin D-inhibiting drug alisporivir and the acid sphingomyelinase-inactivating drug, desipramine, synergize to reverse susceptibility, suggesting the therapeutic potential of these orally active drugs against tuberculosis and possibly other TNF-mediated diseases. |
DOI | 10.1016/j.cell.2013.03.022 |
Alternate Journal | Cell |
PubMed ID | 23582643 |
PubMed Central ID | PMC3790588 |
Grant List | DP1 OD006782 / OD / NIH HHS / United States R01 AI036396 / AI / NIAID NIH HHS / United States R37 AI054503 / AI / NIAID NIH HHS / United States |