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Integrated stress responses in Salmonella.
Title | Integrated stress responses in Salmonella. |
Publication Type | Journal Article |
Year of Publication | 2012 |
Authors | Shen, S, Fang, FC |
Journal | Int J Food Microbiol |
Volume | 152 |
Issue | 3 |
Pagination | 75-81 |
Date Published | 2012 Jan 16 |
ISSN | 1879-3460 |
Keywords | Gastrointestinal Tract, Gene Expression Regulation, Bacterial, Humans, Macrophages, Phagosomes, Salmonella enterica, Salmonella Infections, Salmonella typhimurium, Signal Transduction, Stress, Physiological, Transcriptional Activation |
Abstract | The foodborne gram-negative pathogen Salmonella must adapt to varied environmental conditions encountered within foods, the host gastrointestinal tract and the phagosomes of host macrophages. Adaptation is achieved through the coordinate regulation of gene expression in response to environmental signals such as temperature, pH, osmolarity, redox state, antimicrobial peptides, and nutrient deprivation. This review will examine mechanisms by which the integration of regulatory responses to a broad array of environmental signals can be achieved. First, in the most straightforward case, tandem promoters allow gene expression to respond to multiple signals. Second, versatile sensor proteins may respond to more than one environmental signal. Third, transcriptional silencing and counter-silencing as demonstrated by the H-NS paradigm provides a general mechanism for the convergence of multiple regulatory inputs. Fourth, signaling cascades allow gene activation by independent sensory elements. These mechanisms allow Salmonella to utilize common adaptive stress pathways in response to a diverse range of environmental conditions. |
DOI | 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2011.04.017 |
Alternate Journal | Int. J. Food Microbiol. |
PubMed ID | 21570144 |
PubMed Central ID | PMC3164900 |
Grant List | AI39557 / AI / NIAID NIH HHS / United States AI44486 / AI / NIAID NIH HHS / United States AI55396 / AI / NIAID NIH HHS / United States AI77629 / AI / NIAID NIH HHS / United States R01 AI039557-11A2 / AI / NIAID NIH HHS / United States R01 AI039557-12 / AI / NIAID NIH HHS / United States R01 AI039557-13 / AI / NIAID NIH HHS / United States R01 AI039557-14 / AI / NIAID NIH HHS / United States R01 AI044486 / AI / NIAID NIH HHS / United States R01 AI044486-07A1 / AI / NIAID NIH HHS / United States R01 AI044486-08 / AI / NIAID NIH HHS / United States R01 AI044486-09 / AI / NIAID NIH HHS / United States R01 AI044486-10 / AI / NIAID NIH HHS / United States R01 AI044486-11 / AI / NIAID NIH HHS / United States R01 AI077629-01A2 / AI / NIAID NIH HHS / United States R01 AI077629-02 / AI / NIAID NIH HHS / United States |