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Homing in on the cellular immune response to HSV-2 in humans.
Title | Homing in on the cellular immune response to HSV-2 in humans. |
Publication Type | Journal Article |
Year of Publication | 2005 |
Authors | Koelle, DM, Gonzalez, JC, Johnson, AS |
Journal | Am J Reprod Immunol |
Volume | 53 |
Issue | 4 |
Pagination | 172-81 |
Date Published | 2005 Apr |
ISSN | 1046-7408 |
Keywords | Antigens, Differentiation, T-Lymphocyte, Antigens, Neoplasm, CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes, CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes, E-Selectin, Epitopes, Female, Herpes Genitalis, Herpesvirus 2, Human, Humans, Immunologic Memory, Leukocyte Rolling, Membrane Glycoproteins, Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell, alpha-beta, Skin |
Abstract | PROBLEM: Genital herpes simplex infections are generally limited to epithelia and neurons. Vaccines have had activity in herpes simplex virus (HSV)-seronegative women only. Understanding how HSV-specific T cells traffic to infected sites may assist in vaccine design. METHOD OF STUDY: Herpes simplex virus epitopes recognized by HSV-specific CD8 T cells were identified and used to make fluorescent human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-peptide tetramers. Molecules related to lymphocyte rolling adhesion were studied by flow cytometry and cell binding. HSV-specific CD4 T cells identified ex vivo by cytokine accumulation or activation marker expression, or detected in vitro by 5-(and-6)-carboxyfluorescein diacetate, succinimidyl ester (CFSE) dilution, were similarly investigated. RESULTS: Herpes simplex virus-specific T cells are 10- to 100-fold more prevalent in lesional skin compared with blood and greatly enriched in lesions compared with normal skin. Diverse viral antigens are recognized by HSV-specific T cells. Functionally active E-selectin ligand, and cutaneous lymphocyte antigen (CLA), are expressed by circulating HSV-2-specific CD8 cells. CD4 cells display lower levels of CLA that are dramatically up-regulated upon re-stimulation with antigen. CONCLUSIONS: Herpes simplex virus-2-specific CD8 and CD4 T cells differ in constitutive expression of skin homing molecules. Vaccines designed to induce proper homing are postulated to have increased efficacy. |
DOI | 10.1111/j.1600-0897.2005.00262.x |
Alternate Journal | Am. J. Reprod. Immunol. |
PubMed ID | 15760378 |