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Acute gastrointestinal infection induces long-lived microbiota-specific T cell responses.
Title | Acute gastrointestinal infection induces long-lived microbiota-specific T cell responses. |
Publication Type | Journal Article |
Year of Publication | 2012 |
Authors | Hand, TW, Santos, LMDos, Bouladoux, N, Molloy, MJ, Pagán, AJ, Pepper, M, Maynard, CL, Elson, CO, Belkaid, Y |
Journal | Science |
Volume | 337 |
Issue | 6101 |
Pagination | 1553-6 |
Date Published | 2012 Sep 21 |
ISSN | 1095-9203 |
Keywords | Acute Disease, Animals, Bacteria, Bacterial Translocation, CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes, Flagellin, Gastrointestinal Tract, Immunity, Mucosal, Immunologic Memory, Intestinal Diseases, Parasitic, Intestinal Mucosa, Lymphocyte Activation, Metagenome, Mice, Mice, Inbred C57BL, Mice, Transgenic, Th1 Cells, Time Factors, Toxoplasma, Toxoplasmosis, Animal |
Abstract | The mammalian gastrointestinal tract contains a large and diverse population of commensal bacteria and is also one of the primary sites of exposure to pathogens. How the immune system perceives commensals in the context of mucosal infection is unclear. Here, we show that during a gastrointestinal infection, tolerance to commensals is lost, and microbiota-specific T cells are activated and differentiate to inflammatory effector cells. Furthermore, these T cells go on to form memory cells that are phenotypically and functionally consistent with pathogen-specific T cells. Our results suggest that during a gastrointestinal infection, the immune response to commensals parallels the immune response against pathogenic microbes and that adaptive responses against commensals are an integral component of mucosal immunity. |
DOI | 10.1126/science.1220961 |
Alternate Journal | Science |
PubMed ID | 22923434 |
PubMed Central ID | PMC3784339 |
Grant List | DK071176 / DK / NIDDK NIH HHS / United States DK64400 / DK / NIDDK NIH HHS / United States P01 DK071176 / DK / NIDDK NIH HHS / United States R24 DK064400 / DK / NIDDK NIH HHS / United States Z99 AI999999 / AI / NIAID NIH HHS / United States |