Pagán AJ, Peters NC, Debrabant A, Ribeiro-Gomes F, Pepper M, Karp CL, Jenkins MK, Sacks DL. Tracking antigen-specific CD4+ T cells throughout the course of chronic Leishmania major infection in resistant mice. Eur J Immunol. 2013  ;43(2):427-38.

Mwangi DM, Honda Y, Graham SP, Pelle R, Taracha ELN, Gachanja J, Nyanjui JK, Bray J, Palmer GH, Brown WC, et al. Treatment of cattle with DNA-encoded Flt3L and GM-CSF prior to immunization with Theileria parva candidate vaccine antigens induces CD4 and CD8 T cell IFN-? responses but not CTL responses. Vet Immunol Immunopathol. 2011  ;140(3-4):244-51.

Ueti MW, Palmer GH, Scoles GA, Kappmeyer LS, Knowles DP. Persistently infected horses are reservoirs for intrastadial tick-borne transmission of the apicomplexan parasite Babesia equi. Infect Immun. 2008  ;76(8):3525-9.

Pepper M, Dzierszinski F, Wilson E, Tait E, Fang Q, Yarovinsky F, Laufer TM, Roos D, Hunter CA. Plasmacytoid dendritic cells are activated by Toxoplasma gondii to present antigen and produce cytokines. J Immunol. 2008  ;180(9):6229-36.

Dzierszinski F, Pepper M, Stumhofer JS, LaRosa DF, Wilson EH, Turka LA, Halonen SK, Hunter CA, Roos DS. Presentation of Toxoplasma gondii antigens via the endogenous major histocompatibility complex class I pathway in nonprofessional and professional antigen-presenting cells. Infect Immun. 2007  ;75(11):5200-9.

Ueti MW, Palmer GH, Kappmeyer LS, Scoles GA, Knowles DP. Expression of equi merozoite antigen 2 during development of Babesia equi in the midgut and salivary gland of the vector tick Boophilus microplus. J Clin Microbiol. 2003  ;41(12):5803-9.

Norimine J, Mosqueda J, Suarez C, Palmer GH, McElwain TF, Mbassa G, Brown WC. Stimulation of T-helper cell gamma interferon and immunoglobulin G responses specific for Babesia bovis rhoptry-associated protein 1 (RAP-1) or a RAP-1 protein lacking the carboxy-terminal repeat region is insufficient to provide protective immunity again. Infect Immun. 2003  ;71(9):5021-32.

Florin-Christensen M, Suarez CE, Hines SA, Palmer GH, Brown WC, McElwain TF. The Babesia bovis merozoite surface antigen 2 locus contains four tandemly arranged and expressed genes encoding immunologically distinct proteins. Infect Immun. 2002  ;70(7):3566-75.

Mosqueda J, McElwain TF, Palmer GH. Babesia bovis merozoite surface antigen 2 proteins are expressed on the merozoite and sporozoite surface, and specific antibodies inhibit attachment and invasion of erythrocytes. Infect Immun. 2002  ;70(11):6448-55.

Fisher TG, McElwain TF, Palmer GH. Molecular basis for variable expression of merozoite surface antigen gp45 among American isolates of Babesia bigemina. Infect Immun. 2001  ;69(6):3782-90.

Machado RZ, McElwain TF, Pancracio HP, Freschi CR, Palmer GH. Babesia bigemina: immunization with purified rhoptries induces protection against acute parasitemia. Exp Parasitol. 1999  ;93(2):105-8.

Brown WC, McElwain TF, Palmer GH, Chantler SE, Estes DM. Bovine CD4(+) T-lymphocyte clones specific for rhoptry-associated protein 1 of Babesia bigemina stimulate enhanced immunoglobulin G1 (IgG1) and IgG2 synthesis. Infect Immun. 1999  ;67(1):155-64.

Brown WC, Palmer GH. Designing blood-stage vaccines against Babesia bovis and B. bigemina. Parasitol Today. 1999  ;15(7):275-81.

Weston D, La Flamme AC, Van Voorhis WC. Expression of Trypanosoma cruzi surface antigen FL-160 is controlled by elements in the 3' untranslated, the 3' intergenic, and the coding regions. Mol Biochem Parasitol. 1999  ;102(1):53-66.

Brown WC, McElwain TF, Hötzel I, Ruef BJ, Rice-Ficht AC, Stich RW, Suarez CE, Estes DM, Palmer GH. Immunodominant T-cell antigens and epitopes of Babesia bovis and Babesia bigemina. Ann Trop Med Parasitol. 1998  ;92(4):473-82.

Suarez CE, Palmer GH, Hötzel I, McElwain TF. Structure, sequence, and transcriptional analysis of the Babesia bovis rap-1 multigene locus. Mol Biochem Parasitol. 1998  ;93(2):215-24.

Ruef BJ, Tuo W, Rodriguez SD, Roussel AJ, Chitko-McKown CG, Palmer GH, McElwain TF, Canals A, Zarlenga DS, Gasbarre LC, et al. Immunization with Babesia bigemina rhoptry-associated protein 1 induces a type 1 cytokine response. J Interferon Cytokine Res. 1997  ;17(1):45-54.

La Flamme AC, Kahn SJ, Rudensky AY, Van Voorhis WC. Trypanosoma cruzi-infected macrophages are defective in major histocompatibility complex class II antigen presentation. Eur J Immunol. 1997  ;27(12):3085-94.

Brown WC, McElwain TF, Ruef BJ, Suarez CE, Shkap V, Chitko-McKown CG, Tuo W, Rice-Ficht AC, Palmer GH. Babesia bovis rhoptry-associated protein 1 is immunodominant for T helper cells of immune cattle and contains T-cell epitopes conserved among geographically distant B. bovis strains. Infect Immun. 1996  ;64(8):3341-50.

Rodriguez SD, Palmer GH, McElwain TF, McGuire TC, Ruef BJ, Chitko-McKown MG, Brown WC. CD4+ T-helper lymphocyte responses against Babesia bigemina rhoptry-associated protein I. Infect Immun. 1996  ;64(6):2079-87.

Brown WC, Rodriguez SD, Hötzel I, Ruef BJ, Chitko-McKown CG, McElwain TF, Palmer GH. Characterization of helper T cell responses against rhoptry-associated protein 1 (RAP-1) of babesial parasites. Ann N Y Acad Sci. 1996  ;791:128-35.

Madruga CR, Suarez CE, McElwain TF, Palmer GH. Conservation of merozoite membrane and apical complex B cell epitopes among Babesia bigemina and Babesia bovis strains isolated in Brazil. Vet Parasitol. 1996  ;61(1-2):21-30.

Hötzel I, Brown WC, McElwain TF, Rodriguez SD, Palmer GH. Dimorphic sequences of rap-1 genes encode B and CD4+ T helper lymphocyte epitopes in the Babesia bigemina rhoptry associated protein-1. Mol Biochem Parasitol. 1996  ;81(1):89-99.

Musoke AJ, Palmer GH, McElwain TF, Nene V, McKeever D. Prospects for subunit vaccines against tick-borne diseases. Br Vet J. 1996  ;152(6):621-39.

Vidotto O, McElwain TF, Machado RZ, Perryman LE, Suarez CE, Palmer GH. Babesia bigemina: identification of B cell epitopes associated with parasitized erythrocytes. Exp Parasitol. 1995  ;81(4):491-500.

Van Voorhis WC, Pham VT, De Vos T. The FL-160 genes of Trypanosoma cruzi are dispersed on multiple chromosomes. Exp Parasitol. 1995  ;80(3):578-82.

Hines SA, Palmer GH, Brown WC, McElwain TF, Suarez CE, Vidotto O, Rice-Ficht AC. Genetic and antigenic characterization of Babesia bovis merozoite spherical body protein Bb-1. Mol Biochem Parasitol. 1995  ;69(2):149-59.

Palmer GH, McElwain TF. Molecular basis for vaccine development against anaplasmosis and babesiosis. Vet Parasitol. 1995  ;57(1-3):233-53.

Ushe TC, Palmer GH, Sotomayor L, Figueroa JV, Buening GM, Perryman LE, McElwain TF. Antibody response to a Babesia bigemina rhoptry-associated protein 1 surface-exposed and neutralization-sensitive epitope in immune cattle. Infect Immun. 1994  ;62(12):5698-701.

Shkap V, Pipano E, McElwain TF, Herzberg U, Krigel Y, Fish L, Palmer GH. Cross-protective immunity induced by Babesia bovis clones with antigenically unrelated variable merozoite surface antigens. Vet Immunol Immunopathol. 1994  ;41(3-4):367-74.

Hawn TR, Strand M. Developmentally regulated localization and phosphorylation of SmIrV1, a Schistosoma mansoni antigen with similarity to calnexin. J Biol Chem. 1994  ;269(31):20083-9.

Suarez CE, McElwain TF, Echaide I, S de Echaide T, Palmer GH. Interstrain conservation of babesial RAP-1 surface-exposed B-cell epitopes despite rap-1 genomic polymorphism. Infect Immun. 1994  ;62(8):3576-9.

Machado RZ, McElwain TF, Suarez CE, Hines SA, Palmer GH. Babesia bigemina: isolation and characterization of merozoite rhoptries. Exp Parasitol. 1993  ;77(3):315-25.

Brown WC, Palmer GH, McElwain TF, Hines SA, Dobbelaere DA. Babesia bovis: characterization of the T helper cell response against the 42-kDa merozoite surface antigen (MSA-1) in cattle. Exp Parasitol. 1993  ;77(1):97-110.

Van Voorhis WC, Barrett L, Koelling R, Farr AG. FL-160 proteins of Trypanosoma cruzi are expressed from a multigene family and contain two distinct epitopes that mimic nervous tissues. J Exp Med. 1993  ;178(2):681-94.

Suarez CE, Palmer GH, Hines SA, McElwain TF. Immunogenic B-cell epitopes of Babesia bovis rhoptry-associated protein 1 are distinct from sequences conserved between species. Infect Immun. 1993  ;61(8):3511-7.

Van Voorhis WC. Coculture of human peripheral blood mononuclear cells with Trypanosoma cruzi leads to proliferation of lymphocytes and cytokine production. J Immunol. 1992  ;148(1):239-48.

Cetron MS, Hoff R, Kahn S, Eisen H, Van Voorhis WC. Evaluation of recombinant trypomastigote surface antigens of Trypanosoma cruzi in screening sera from a population in rural northeastern Brazil endemic for Chagas' disease. Acta Trop. 1992  ;50(3):259-66.

Hines SA, Palmer GH, Jasmer DP, McGuire TC, McElwain TF. Neutralization-sensitive merozoite surface antigens of Babesia bovis encoded by members of a polymorphic gene family. Mol Biochem Parasitol. 1992  ;55(1-2):85-94.

Petry K, Van Voorhis WC. Antigens of Trypanosoma cruzi that mimic mammalian nervous tissues: investigations of their role in the autoimmune pathophysiology of chronic Chagas' disease. Res Immunol. 1991  ;142(2):151-6.

Suarez CE, Palmer GH, Jasmer DP, Hines SA, Perryman LE, McElwain TF. Characterization of the gene encoding a 60-kilodalton Babesia bovis merozoite protein with conserved and surface exposed epitopes. Mol Biochem Parasitol. 1991  ;46(1):45-52.

Van Voorhis WC, Schlekewy L, Trong HL. Molecular mimicry by Trypanosoma cruzi: the F1-160 epitope that mimics mammalian nerve can be mapped to a 12-amino acid peptide. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1991  ;88(14):5993-7.

Suarez CE, McElwain TF, Stephens EB, Mishra VS, Palmer GH. Sequence conservation among merozoite apical complex proteins of Babesia bovis, Babesia bigemina and other apicomplexa. Mol Biochem Parasitol. 1991  ;49(2):329-32.

Palmer GH, McElwain TF, Perryman LE, Davis WC, Reduker DR, Jasmer DP, Shkap V, Pipano E, Goff WL, McGuire TC. Strain variation of Babesia bovis merozoite surface-exposed epitopes. Infect Immun. 1991  ;59(9):3340-2.

Kahn S, Van Voorhis WC, Eisen H. The major 85-kD surface antigen of the mammalian form of Trypanosoma cruzi is encoded by a large heterogeneous family of simultaneously expressed genes. J Exp Med. 1990  ;172(2):589-97.

Van Voorhis WC, Eisen H. Fl-160. A surface antigen of Trypanosoma cruzi that mimics mammalian nervous tissue. J Exp Med. 1989  ;169(3):641-52.

McElwain TF, Palmer GH, Goff WL, McGuire TC. Identification of Babesia bigemina and Babesia bovis merozoite proteins with isolate- and species-common epitopes recognized by antibodies in bovine immune sera. Infect Immun. 1988  ;56(6):1658-60.

Goff WL, Davis WC, Palmer GH, McElwain TF, Johnson WC, Bailey JF, McGuire TC. Identification of Babesia bovis merozoite surface antigens by using immune bovine sera and monoclonal antibodies. Infect Immun. 1988  ;56(9):2363-8.

Torian BE, Lukehart SA, Stamm WE. Use of monoclonal antibodies to identify, characterize, and purify a 96,000-dalton surface antigen of pathogenic Entamoeba histolytica. J Infect Dis. 1987  ;156(2):334-43.